Alkaline phosphate (ALP)
Also Known As: Hydrolase
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About the Test
Description:
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that is present in many tissues throughout the body, including the liver, bone, and small intestine. It plays a role in the metabolism of proteins and the production of energy.
An ALP test is a blood test that measures the levels of ALP in the blood. It is often ordered as part of a liver function test or to help diagnose conditions that affect the liver, bones, or small intestine.
Clinical Significance:
High levels of ALP in the blood, also known as hyperphosphatasemia, can be a sign of underlying health problems. Some common causes of high ALP levels include:
Liver disease: ALP is produced by the liver, so any problems with the liver can lead to abnormal levels of ALP in the blood.
Bone disorders: ALP is also produced by bone cells, so disorders that affect bone growth or metabolism can lead to high ALP levels.
Certain medications: Some medications, such as phenytoin and phenobarbital, can increase ALP levels.
Low levels of ALP, or hypophosphatasemia, are generally not harmful and may be caused by malnutrition or certain medical conditions.
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Target Levels (where applicable)
Normal ALP levels in the blood vary depending on a person's age and sex, but generally range from 44 to 147 units per liter (U/L). High levels of ALP in the blood, also known as hyperphosphatasemia, can be caused by liver disease, bone disorders, or certain medications. Low levels of ALP, or hypophosphatasemia, are generally not harmful and may be caused by malnutrition or certain medical conditions.
What is being checked
There are several types of tests that can be used to measure the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood. These include:
Serum ALP test: This is the most common type of test used to measure ALP levels. It involves taking a sample of blood from a vein, usually in the arm, and sending it to a laboratory for analysis.
Urinary ALP test: This test measures the levels of ALP in urine. It may be used to detect early stages of kidney damage or to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for kidney disease.
Capillary ALP test: This test involves taking a small drop of blood from a finger or heel prick and analyzing it to determine ALP levels. It is generally used in newborns or infants who cannot provide a larger blood sample.
It's important to note that a single test result for ALP levels may not provide enough information to diagnose a medical condition. It's important to consider other factors such as a person's medical history and any other symptoms they may be experiencing. If you have concerns about your ALP levels or are experiencing any unusual symptoms, it's important to discuss them with your healthcare provider.